Trademark Classes

Trademark Classes Explained: Importance, Classification and Examples

Trademark registration is one of the most crucial steps in protecting your brand identity. However, filing a trademark application is not just about choosing a brand name or logo. One of the most important and often misunderstood aspects of trademark registration is selecting the correct trademark class. There are 45 trademark classes under the Nice Classification system, and choosing the right class plays a decisive role in determining the scope and strength of your trademark protection.

What are Trademark Classes?

Trademark classes are categories used to classify goods and services for the purpose of trademark registration. These classes are internationally recognized under the Nice Classification, which is followed in India and many other countries. The 45 classes are divided as follows:

Classes 1 to 34: Goods
Classes 35 to 45: Services

Each class covers a specific group of goods or services. A trademark is protected only in the class or classes in which it is registered. This is why selecting the correct class is critical.

Why Choosing the Right Trademark Class Is Important

Choosing the wrong trademark class can lead to serious consequences, such as refusal of the application, weak protection, or inability to take action against infringers. Trademark protection is class-specific, meaning that registration in one class does not automatically protect your brand in other classes.

For example, if your brand is registered under a class that does not accurately cover your business activity, competitors operating in the correct class may legally use a similar or identical mark. Additionally, incorrect classification can create problems during enforcement, licensing, or sale of the trademark.

Therefore, it is not enough to simply select a class. You must also clearly specify the exact products or services you deal in within that class.

Overview of Trademark Classes With Examples

Goods Classes (1–34)

Class 1: Chemicals used in industry, science, agriculture (e.g., industrial chemicals, fertilizers).
Class 2: Paints, varnishes, lacquers, dyes (e.g., wall paints, wood coatings).
Class 3: Cosmetics and cleaning products (e.g., soaps, perfumes, skincare creams).
Class 4: Industrial oils, greases, fuels (e.g., lubricants, petrol).
Class 5: Pharmaceuticals and medical products (e.g., medicines, dietary supplements).
Class 6: Metal goods (e.g., metal pipes, safes, locks).
Class 7: Machines and machine tools (e.g., motors, industrial machines).
Class 8: Hand tools (e.g., knives, scissors, razors).
Class 9: Electronics and scientific instruments (e.g., computers, software, mobile apps).
Class 10: Medical devices (e.g., surgical instruments, dental equipment).
Class 11: Lighting, heating, cooling equipment (e.g., LED lights, air conditioners).
Class 12: Vehicles and vehicle parts (e.g., automobiles, bicycles).
Class 13: Firearms and explosives.
Class 14: Jewellery, watches, precious metals.
Class 15: Musical instruments.
Class 16: Paper goods and stationery (e.g., books, notebooks, printed material).
Class 17: Rubber, plastic materials (e.g., insulation materials).
Class 18: Leather goods (e.g., bags, wallets).
Class 19: Building materials (e.g., cement, bricks).
Class 20: Furniture and home décor items (e.g., chairs, mirrors).
Class 21: Household utensils (e.g., cookware, glassware).
Class 22: Ropes, tents, sacks.
Class 23: Yarns and threads.
Class 24: Textiles and fabrics.
Class 25: Clothing, footwear, headgear.
Class 26: Lace, embroidery, buttons, zippers.
Class 27: Carpets, mats, wallpapers.
Class 28: Toys, games, sports goods.
Class 29: Meat, dairy, preserved foods.
Class 30: Coffee, tea, spices, bakery products.
Class 31: Agricultural and horticultural products.
Class 32: Beverages (non-alcoholic).
Class 33: Alcoholic beverages (except beer).
Class 34: Tobacco and smoking products.

Service Classes (35–45)

Class 35: Advertising, business management, e-commerce services.
Class 36: Financial, banking, insurance services.
Class 37: Construction and repair services.
Class 38: Telecommunications services.
Class 39: Transport and logistics services.
Class 40: Material treatment services.
Class 41: Education, training, entertainment.
Class 42: IT services, software development, SaaS.
Class 43: Hotel, restaurant, catering services.
Class 44: Medical, beauty, and agricultural services.
Class 45: Legal, security, and personal services.

Importance of Mentioning Specific Goods or Services

Selecting the correct class alone is not sufficient. Trademark law requires applicants to clearly describe the specific goods or services they provide. For instance, instead of broadly stating “clothing” under Class 25, it is advisable to specify “T-shirts, jackets, sportswear” if those are the actual products being sold.

Clear and accurate descriptions:

Reduce objections from the Trademark Office
Strengthen enforceability against infringers
Increase the commercial value of the trademark

Conclusion

Trademark classes form the backbone of trademark protection. With 45 classes covering a wide range of goods and services, it is essential to carefully evaluate your business activities before filing a trademark application. Choosing the correct class and accurately specifying your products or services ensures strong legal protection, reduces risks, and safeguards the long-term value of your brand.

If you are unsure about the appropriate trademark class or need assistance in drafting the correct specification, consulting a trademark professional can help you avoid costly mistakes and secure your brand effectively.